Swearing by the Sanctity of Makkah and Other Things that Man was created in Hardship, encompassed by Allah and His Bounties

Al-Balad 90:1-10

لَآ أُقۡسِمُ بِهَٰذَا ٱلۡبَلَدِ
I swear by this city [i.e., Makkah] –
وَأَنتَ حِلٌّۢ بِهَٰذَا ٱلۡبَلَدِ
And you, [O Muḥammad], are free of restriction in this city –
وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
And [by] the father and that which was born [of him],
لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ فِى كَبَدٍ
We have certainly created man into hardship.
أَيَحۡسَبُ أَن لَّن يَقۡدِرَ عَلَيۡهِ أَحَدٌ
Does he think that never will anyone overcome him?
يَقُولُ أَهۡلَكۡتُ مَالًا لُّبَدًا
He says, “I have spent wealth in abundance.”
أَيَحۡسَبُ أَن لَّمۡ يَرَهُۥٓ أَحَدٌ
Does he think that no one has seen him?
أَلَمۡ نَجۡعَل لَّهُۥ عَيۡنَيۡنِ
Have We not made for him two eyes?
وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيۡنِ
And a tongue and two lips?
وَهَدَيۡنَٰهُ ٱلنَّجۡدَيۡنِ
And have shown him the two ways?


English – Tafsir ibn kathir



Allah says,

لَاا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ
Nay! I swear by this city;

Here Allah has sworn by Makkah, the Mother of the Towns, addressing its resident (during the non-sacred months,) free in this city in order to draw his attention to the significance of its sanctity when its people are in the state of sanctity.

Khusayf reported from Mujahid;

لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَـذَا الْبَلَدِ

Nay! I swear by this city;

“The word “La” (Nay) refers to the refutation against them (Quraish). I swear by this city.”

Shabib bin Bishr narrated from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas that he said,

لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَـذَا الْبَلَدِ

Nay! I swear by this city;

“This means Makkah.”

Concerning the Ayah:

وَأَنتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ
And you are free in this city.

he (Ibn Abbas) said,

“O Muhammad! It is permissible for you to fight in it.”

Similar was reported from Sa`id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, `Atiyah, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd.

Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,

“Allah made it lawful (to fight in) for him (the Prophet ) for one hour of a day.”

The meaning of what they have said was mentioned in a Hadith that is agreed- upon as being authentic. In it the Prophet said,

إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّموَاتِ وَالاَْرْضَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللهِ إِلَى يَوْم الْقِيَامَةِ

لَاا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهُ وَلَاا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهُ

وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةٌ مِنْ نَهَارٍ

وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالاَْمْسِ أَلَا فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَايِب

Verily, Allah made this city sacred on the Day that He created the heavens and the earth. Therefore, it is sacred by the sanctity of Allah until the Day of Judgement.

Its trees should not be uprooted, and its bushes and grasses should not be removed.

And it was only made lawful for me (to fight in) for one hour of a day.

Today its sanctity has been restored just as it was sacred yesterday. So, let the one who is present inform those who are absent.

In another wording of this Hadith, he said,

فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ فَقُولُوا إِنَّ اللهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُم

So, if anyone tries to use the fighting of the Messenger (to conquer Makkah) as an excuse (to fight there), then tell him that Allah permitted it for His Messenger and He has not permitted it for you.

Concerning Allah’s statement,

وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
And by the begetter and that which he begot.

Mujahid, Abu Salih, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Sa`id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Khusayf, Shurahbil bin Sa`d and others have said,

“Meaning, by the begetter, Adam, and that which he begot is his children.”

This view that Mujahid and his companions have chosen is good and strong. This is supported by the fact that Allah swears by the Mother of the Towns, which are dwellings. Then after it He swears by the dwellers therein, who is Adam, the father of mankind, and his children.

Abu `Imran Al-Jawni said, “It refers to Ibrahim and his progeny.”

Ibn Jarir recorded this statement as did Ibn Abi Hatim.

Ibn Jarir preferred the view that it is general and it refers to every father and his children. This meaning is also acceptable.

Allah then says,

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الاِْنسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ
Verily, We have created man in Kabad.

Ibn Abi Najih and Jurayj reported from `Ata, from Ibn Abbas concerning the phrase `in Kabad’,

“He was created while in hardship. Don’t you see him”

Then he mentioned his birth and the sprouting of his teeth.

Mujahid said,
فِى كَبَدٍ
(in Kabad.)

“A drop of sperm, then a clot, then a lump of flesh, enduring in his creation.”

Mujahid then said, “This is similar to Allah’s statement,

حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهاً وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهاً

His mother bears him with hardship. And she brings him forth with hardship. (46:15)

and she breast-feeds him with hardship, and his livelihood is a hardship. So he endures all of this.”

Sa`id bin Jubayr said,
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الاِنسَـنَ فِى كَبَدٍ
(Verily, We have created man in Kabad).

“In hardship and seeking livelihood.”

Ikrimah said, “In hardship and long-suffering.”

Qatadah said, “In difficulty.”

It is reported from Al-Hasan that he said,

“Enduring the hardships of the world by life and the severity of the Hereafter.”


Man is encompassed by Allah and His Bounties

Allah says,

أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّن يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ
Does he think that none can overcome him.

Al-Hasan Al-Basri said that its Meaning that,

“no one is able to take his wealth.”

Qatadah about this has said,

“The Son of Adam thinks that he will not be asked about this wealth of his — how he earned and how he spent it.”

Allah said:

يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالاً لُّبَدًا
He says:”I have wasted wealth in abundance!”

This means, the Son of Adam says,

“I spent an abundance of wealth.”

Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others have said this.

أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ
Does he think that none sees him.

Mujahid said,

“Does he think that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, does not see him.”

Others among the Salaf have said similar to this.

Allah said;

أَلَمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُ عَيْنَيْنِ
Have We not made for him two eyes,

meaning, for him to see with them

وَلِسَانًا
And a tongue,

meaning, for him to speak with, and so that he can express that which is inside of him.

وَشَفَتَيْنِ
and two lips,

In order to help him with speaking, eating food, and beautifying his face and his mouth.


The Ability to distinguish between Good and Evil is also a Blessing

وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ
And shown him the two ways,

This refers to the two paths.

Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from `Asim, from Zirr, from `Abdullah bin Mas`ud that he said,
وَهَدَيْنَـهُ النَّجْدَينِ
And shown him the two ways,

“The good and the evil.”

Similar to this has been reported from `Ali, Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Abu Wa’il, Abu Salih, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Ad-Dahhak, and `Ata’ Al-Khurasani among others.

Similar to this Ayah is Allah’s statement,

إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الاِنسَـنَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَّبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَـهُ سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً

إِنَّا هَدَيْنَـهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِراً وَإِمَّا كَفُوراً

Verily, We have created man from Nutfah Amshaj, in order to try him:so We made him hearer and seer.

Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful. (76:2-3


English – Footnote (Hilali)

a) Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas [radhi-yAllahu ‘anhu]: On the day of the conquest of Makkah, Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Allah has made this town a sanctuary. Its thorny bushes should not be cut, its game should not be chased, and its fallen things should not be picked up except by one who would announce it publicly.”

[Sahih Al-Bukhari, 2/1587 (O.P.657)]


Al-Fitnah: polytheism, to disbelieve after one has believed in Allah, or a trial or a calamity or an affliction.

Narrated Abu Bakrah [radhi-yAllahu ‘anhu]: The Prophet (ﷺ) delivered to us a Khutbah (religious talk) on the day of Nahr (10th of Dhul-Hijjah). He said, “Do you know what is the day today?” We said, “Allah and His Messenger know better.” He remained silent till we thought that he might give that day another name. He said, “Isn’t it the day of Nahr?” We said, “It is.” He further asked, “Which month is this?” We said, “Allah and His Messenger know better.” He remained silent till we thought that he might give it another name. He then said, “Isn’t it the month of Dhul-Hijjah?” We replied: “Yes, it is.” He further asked, “What town is this?” We replied, “Allah and His Messenger know it better.” He remained silent till we thought that he might give it another name. He then said, “Isn’t it the forbidden (sacred) town (of Makkah)?” We said, “Yes, it is.” He said, “No doubt, your blood and your properties are sacred to one another like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours, till the day you meet your Lord. No doubt! Haven’t I conveyed Allah’s Message to you?” We said, “Yes.” He said, “O Allah! Be witness. So it is incumbent upon those who are present to convey it (this information) to those who are absent because the informed one might comprehend it (what I have said) better than the present audience, who will convey it to him. Beware! Do not renegate (as) disbelievers after me by striking the necks (cutting the throats) of one another.” [Sahih Al-Bukhari, 2/1741 (O.P.797)].





Al-Balad 90:1-10
Arabic – Tafsir Ibn Kathir

تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ الْبَلَدِ
وَهِيَ مَكِّيَّةٌ.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
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هَذَا قَسَمٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ [[في أ: “تعالى”.]] بِمَكَّةَ أُمِّ الْقُرَى فِي حَالِ كَوْنِ السَّاكِنِ فِيهَا حَالًا؛ لِيُنَبِّهَ عَلَى عَظَمَةِ قَدْرِهَا فِي حَالِ إِحْرَامِ أَهْلِهَا.
قَالَ خَصيف، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: ﴿لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ﴾ لَا رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ؛ أَقْسَمَ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ.
وَقَالَ شَبيب بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمة، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: ﴿لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَكَّةَ، ﴿وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ﴾ قَالَ: أَنْتَ -يَا مُحَمَّدُ-يَحِلُّ لَكَ أَنْ تُقَابِلَ بِهِ. وَكَذَا رُوي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَير، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَعَطِيَّةَ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَالسُّدِّيِّ، وَابْنِ زَيْدٍ.
وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَا أَصَبْتَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ لَكَ.
وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ﴿وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ﴾ قَالَ: أَنْتَ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَرَج وَلَا إِثْمٍ.
وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: أَحَلَّهَا اللَّهُ لَهُ سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ.
وَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي قَالُوهُ قَدْ وَرَد بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ الْمُتَّفَقُ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ: “إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بحُرمَة اللَّهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، لَا يُعضَد شَجَرُهُ وَلَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهُ. وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كحرمتها بالأمس، ألا فليبلغ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ”. وَفِي لَفْظٍ [آخَرَ] [[زيادة من م.]] فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّص بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقُولُوا: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ” [[الحديث في صحيح البخاري برقم (١٠٤، ١٠٥، ١٨٣٢، ٤٢٩٥) وصحيح مسلم برقم (١٣٥٣) من حديث ابن عباس رضي الله عنه.]] .
* * *
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْب، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ خَصِيف، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ﴾ الْوَالِدُ: الَّذِي يَلِدُ، وَمَا وَلَدَ: الْعَاقِرُ الَّذِي لَا يُولَدُ لَهُ.
وَرَوَاهُ [ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَ] [[زيادة من أ.]] ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ شَرِيكٍ -وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَاضِي-بِهِ.
وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: الْوَالِدُ: الْعَاقِرُ، وَمَا وَلَدَ: الَّذِي يَلِدُ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ.
وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ، وَسُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وخُصيف، وَشُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ: يَعْنِي بِالْوَالِدِ آدَمَ، وَمَا وَلَدَ وَلَدَهُ.
وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُجَاهِدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ حَسَنٌ قَوِيٌّ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَقْسَمَ بِأُمِّ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ الْمَسَاكِنُ أَقْسَمَ بَعْدَهُ بِالسَّاكِنِ، وَهُوَ آدَمُ أَبُو الْبَشَرِ وَوَلَدُهُ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيُّ: هُوَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ.
وَاخْتَارَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَنَّهُ عَامٌّ فِي كُلِّ وَالِدٍ وَوَلَدِهِ. وَهُوَ مُحْتَمَلٌ أَيْضًا.
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وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ رُوي عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ، وخَيْثَمة، وَالضَّحَّاكِ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ: يَعْنِي مُنْتَصِبًا -زَادَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ-فِي [[في م، أ: “منتصبا في”.]] بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ.
وَالْكَبَدُ: الِاسْتِوَاءُ وَالِاسْتِقَامَةُ. وَمَعْنَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ: لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ سَوِيًّا مُسْتَقِيمًا كَقَوْلِهِ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الإنْسَانُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ الَّذِي خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ﴾ [الِانْفِطَارِ: ٦، ٧] ، وَكَقَوْلِهِ ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ﴾ [التِّينِ:٤] .
وَقَالَ ابْنُ [أَبِي نجيحُ] [[زيادة من م.]] جُرَيْجٍ وَعَطَاءٍ [[في م، أ: “عن عطاء”.]] عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي كَبَدٍ، قَالَ: فِي شِدَّةِ خُلق، أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَيْهِ … وَذَكَرَ مَوْلِدَهُ وَنَبَاتَ أَسْنَانِهِ.
قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: ﴿فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ نُطْفَةٌ، ثُمَّ عَلَقَةٌ، ثُمَّ مُضْغَةٌ يَتَكَبَّدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ -قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: وَهُوَ كَقَوْلِهِ: ﴿حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا﴾ وَأَرْضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا، وَمَعِيشَتُهُ كُرْهٌ، فَهُوَ يُكَابِدُ ذَلِكَ.
وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ فِي شِدَّةٍ وطَلَب مَعِيشَةٍ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: فِي شِدَّةٍ وَطُولٍ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: فِي مَشَقَّةٍ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرَ سَأَلَ رَجُلًا مَنِ الْأَنْصَارِ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ قَالَ: فِي قِيَامِهِ وَاعْتِدَالِهِ. فَلَمْ يُنكر عَلَيْهِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ.
وَرَوَى مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي مَوْدُودٍ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ قَالَ: يُكَابِدُ أَمْرًا مَنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأَمْرًا مَنْ أَمْرِ الْآخِرَةِ -وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: يُكَابِدُ مضايق الدنيا وشدائد الآخرة.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ: ﴿لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ﴾ قَالَ: آدَمُ خُلِقَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَسُمي ذَلِكَ الكَبَد.
وَاخْتَارَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ [بِذَلِكَ] [[زيادة من م.]] مُكَابَدَةُ الْأُمُورِ وَمَشَاقِّهَا.
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وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: يَعْنِي أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ يَأْخُذُ مَالَهُ.
وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ﴾ قَالَ: ابْنُ آدَمَ يَظُنُّ أَنْ لَنْ يُسأل عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ: مَنْ أَيْنَ اكْتَسَبَهُ؟ وَأَيْنَ أَنْفَقَهُ؟
وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: ﴿أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ﴾ قَالَ: اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.
* * *
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالا لُبَدًا﴾ أَيْ: يَقُولُ ابْنُ آدَمَ: أَنْفَقْتُ مَالًا لُبَدًا، أَيْ: كَثِيرًا. قَالَهُ مُجَاهِدٌ [وَالْحَسَنُ] [[زيادة من م، أ.]] وَقَتَادَةُ، وَالسُّدِّيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ.
﴿أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَيْ أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَكَذَا قَالَ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ السَّلَفِ.
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وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَلَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ﴾ أَيْ: يُبْصِرُ بِهِمَا، ﴿وَلِسَانًا﴾ أَيْ: يَنْطِقُ بِهِ، فَيُعبر عَمَّا فِي ضَمِيرِهِ، ﴿وَشَفَتَيْنِ﴾ [[في م: (ولسانا وشفتين) .]] يَسْتَعِينُ بِهِمَا عَلَى الْكَلَامِ وَأَكْلِ الطَّعَامِ، وَجَمَالًا لِوَجْهِهِ وَفَمِهِ.
وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: “يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، قَدْ أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ نِعَمًا عِظَامًا لَا تُحْصِي عَدَدَهَا وَلَا تُطِيقُ شُكْرَهَا، وَإِنَّ مِمَّا أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ عَيْنَيْنِ تَنْظُرُ بِهِمَا، وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُمَا غِطَاءً، فَانْظُرْ بِعَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَكَ، وَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ مَا حَرَّمْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَأَطْبِقْ عَلَيْهِمَا غِطَاءَهُمَا. وَجَعَلْتُ لَكَ لِسَانًا، وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ غُلَافًا، فَانْطِقْ بِمَا أَمَرْتُكَ وأحللتُ لَكَ، فَإِنْ عَرَض لَكَ مَا حَرَّمْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَأَغْلِقْ عَلَيْكَ لِسَانَكَ. وَجَعَلْتُ لَكَ فَرْجًا، وَجَعَلْتُ لَكَ سِتْرًا، فَأَصِبْ بِفَرْجِكَ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَكَ، فَإِنْ عَرَض لَكَ مَا حَرَّمْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَأرْخِ عَلَيْكَ سِتْرَكَ. يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، إِنَّكَ لَا تَحْمِلُ سُخْطِي، وَلَا تُطِيقُ انْتِقَامِي” [[تاريخ دمشق (١٩/٤٦ “المخطوط”) .]] .
﴿وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ -هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ-: ﴿وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ﴾ قَالَ: الْخَيْرُ وَالشَّرُّ. وَكَذَا رُوي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَأَبِي وَائِلٍ، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ، وَعَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ فِي آخَرِينَ.
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بن وهب: أخبرني بْنُ لَهِيعة، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ سِنان بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: “هُمَا نَجْدَانِ، فَمَا جَعَلَ نَجْدَ الشَّرِّ أحب إليكم من نجد الخير” [[ورواه ابن عدي في الكامل (٣/٣٥٦) من طريق ابن وهب.]] .
تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سِنَانُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ -وَيُقَالُ: سَعْدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ -وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالْجُوزَجَانِيُّ: مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: تَرَكْتُ حَدِيثَهُ لِاضْطِرَابِهِ. وَرَوَى خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ حَدِيثًا مُنْكَرَةً كُلَّهَا، مَا أَعْرِفُ مِنْهَا حَدِيثًا وَاحِدًا. يُشْبِهُ حَدِيثُهُ حديثَ الْحَسَنِ -يَعْنِي الْبَصْرِيَّ-لَا يُشْبِهُ حديثَ أَنَسٍ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّة، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ﴾ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: “يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّهُمَا النَّجْدَانِ، نَجْدُ الْخَيْرِ وَنَجْدُ الشَّرِّ، فَمَا جَعَلَ نَجْدَ الشَّرِّ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ نَجْدِ الْخَيْرِ” [[تفسير الطبري (٣٠/١٢٨) .]] .
وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَبِيبُ بْنُ الشَّهِيدِ، وَيُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، وَأَبُو وَهْبٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ مُرْسَلًا. وَهَكَذَا أَرْسَلَهُ قَتَادَةُ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أبو أحمد الزبيري، حدثنا عيسى ابن عِقَالٍ [[في أ: “عفان”.]] عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ﴾ قَالَ: الثَّدْيَيْنِ.
وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ خُثَيم [[في أ: “خيثم”.]] وَقَتَادَةَ وَأَبِي [[في م: “وابن”.]] حَازِمٍ، مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ. وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْب، عَنْ وَكِيع، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عقَال، بِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَالصَّوَابُ الْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ.
وَنَظِيرُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الإنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا﴾ [سُورَةُ الْإِنْسَانِ: ٢، ٣] .

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